Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Oncternal Oncology, Inc. and Oncternal, Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity

From inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to drug discovery and development and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials. The Company has a limited operating history and the sales and income potential of the Company’s business and market are unproven. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure.

As a result of the strategic reprioritization announced in April 2023, the Company expects research and development expenses will decrease in future quarters after the closure of the Phase 3 ZILO-301 Study for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory MCL and the Phase 1/2 CIRM-0001 Study for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (“MCL”), chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( “CLL”) and marginal zone lymphoma (“MZL”), and the implementation of other cost reductions. The Company will continue to invest in: (i) advancing existing product candidates into later stages of clinical development, and (ii) further investigation and the development of other preclinical programs. Based on the reprioritization and other cost reductions, the Company believes it has sufficient cash to fund its projected operating requirements for at least twelve months from the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $45.5 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and no debt. However, the Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception and has an accumulated deficit of $178.8 million as of June 30, 2023. The Company expects to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future and believes it will need to raise substantial additional capital to accomplish its business plan over the next several years. The Company plans to continue to fund its losses from operations and capital funding needs through a combination of public or private equity or debt offerings or other sources, including potential collaborations, strategic alliances and other similar licensing arrangements. If the Company is unable to secure adequate additional funding, the Company may be forced to make reductions in spending, including potentially delaying, scaling back or eliminating certain of its pipeline development programs, extend payment terms with suppliers, or liquidate assets where possible. Any of these actions could materially affect the Company’s business, results of operations and future prospects.

The Company's ability to obtain additional financing (including through collaboration and/or licensing arrangements) will depend on a number of factors, including, among others, its ability to generate positive data from its clinical trials and preclinical studies, the condition of the capital markets and other risks, many of which are dependent on factors outside of its control. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available in the future.

Notice of Delisting

On April 4, 2023, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq staff indicating that, for the last thirty consecutive business days, the bid price for Oncternal’s common stock had closed below the minimum $1.00 per share requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In accordance with Nasdaq listing rules, the Company has been provided an initial period of 180 calendar days, or until October 2, 2023, to regain compliance. The letter states that the Nasdaq staff will provide written notification that Oncternal has achieved compliance with its rules if at any time before October 2, 2023, the bid price of Oncternal’s common stock

closes at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days. The Nasdaq letter had no immediate effect on the listing or trading of Oncternal’s common stock and the common stock has continued to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

The Company has not regained compliance with Nasdaq listing rules as of the date these financial statements were issued. The Company intends to monitor the bid price of its common stock and consider available options if its common stock does not trade at a level likely to result in the Company regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price rule by October 2, 2023, including potentially implementing a reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock to attempt to regain compliance. During the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders held on June 28, 2023, the Company’s board of directors received authority to effect a reverse stock split of outstanding common stock within one year of the date of the annual meeting and within a range of not less than one-for-five and not more than one-for-thirty common shares.

If the Company does not regain compliance with Nasdaq listing rules by October 2, 2023, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. To qualify, the Company would be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and would need to provide written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. However, if it appears to the Nasdaq staff that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if the Company is otherwise not eligible, the Nasdaq staff would notify the Company that its securities would be subject to delisting. In the event of such a notification, the Company may appeal the Nasdaq staff’s determination to delist its securities, but there can be no assurance the Nasdaq staff would grant the Company’s request for continued listing.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited, consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring accruals, which in the opinion of management are necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of the interim date and results of operations for the interim periods presented. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on its Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 9, 2023. The results presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any other interim period or any future year or period.

Use of Estimates

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires it to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates consist of those used to determine grant revenue and accruals for research and development costs. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking accounts and money market accounts.

Short-term Investments

The Company carries short-term investments classified as available-for-sale marketable securities at fair value as determined by prices for identical or similar securities at the balance sheet date. Short-term investments consist of Level 1 and Level 2 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 6). Realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are determined using the specific identification method and net realized gains and losses are included in interest income. The Company periodically reviews available-for-sale securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company records unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities as a component of other accumulated comprehensive income within the statements of operations and comprehensive loss and as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the balance sheets. In accordance with policy, the Company does not invest in or hold equity securities in its investment portfolio.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash balances due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held. Additionally, the Company established guidelines regarding approved investments and maturities of investments, which are designed to maintain safety and liquidity.

Research and Development Expenses and Accruals

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the Company’s own and for sponsored and collaborative research and development activities. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include manufacturing process development costs, manufacturing costs, costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory and medical affairs activities, quality assurance activities, salaries and benefits, including stock-based compensation, fees paid to third-party consultants, license fees and overhead.

The Company has entered into various research and development contracts with research institutions, clinical research organizations, clinical manufacturing organizations and other companies. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual agreements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and payments made in advance of performance are reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as prepaid expenses and other assets or accrued liabilities. The Company records accruals for estimated costs incurred for ongoing research and development activities and all clinical trial expenses are included in research and development expenses. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the services, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates may be made in determining the prepaid or accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistency framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. These tiers are based on the source of the inputs and are as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued compensation. The carrying amounts of the Company’s current financial assets and liabilities are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The Company has short-term investments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. No transfers between levels have occurred during the periods presented (see Note 6).
 

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities and adjusted for the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding that are subject to repurchase. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding as inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be antidilutive.